b. K+, most prevalent positive ion in cells, needed for muscle An alloy is a mixture of metals that has bulk metallic properties different from those of its constituent elements. Coordinate Covalent Bonds. The name is a tribute to the American architect R. Buckminster Fuller, who is famous for designing and constructing geodesic domes which bear a close similarity to the structure of C60. Silicon tetrabromide d. Phosphorous trichloride what is the significance of hydrogen bonds in intermolecular attractions? a. Cl Molecular compounds are the most common amongst the two. Binary Molecular and lonic Compound Formulas Compound Name Molecular or lonic Compound? Instead, they tend to shatter when subjected to large stresses, and they usually do not conduct electricity very well. For similar substances, the strength of the London dispersion forces increases smoothly with increasing molecular mass. B. What is the haplogroup of most African American? a. N2O3 (+)--->(-) a. S2- c. nonpolar covalent Draw an arrow to show the dipole for each. First element written in its entirety, second element only first syllable used followed by suffix -ide. +2 charge, loses two electrons a. a. For example, the average oxygen coordination number in v-B2O3 at 1 atm is 2 [the average cation coordination number (3) 2/3]. Each layer, however, is an "endless" bonded network of carbon atoms. b. Ca2+ and S2- Worked example: Finding the formula of an ionic compound. )%2F12%253A_Intermolecular_Forces%253A_Liquids_And_Solids%2F12.5%253A_Network_Covalent_Solids_and_Ionic_Solids, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Carbon: An example of an Covalent Network Solid, http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bda7ac8df6@9.110, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Variable Hardness and Melting Point (depending upon strength of metallic bonding), Conducting, melting points depend strongly on electron configuration, easily deformed under stress; ductile and malleable. c. silcon dioxide Ionic compounds generally form from metals and nonmetals. boron trioxide i.e., b2o3 is an anhydride(when reacted with water, it becomes boric acid) of boric acid I.e., b(oh)3 or h3bo3. 2.) 1.) A 50.0-g silver object and a 50.0-g gold object are both added to 75.5mL75.5 \mathrm{~mL}75.5mL of water contained in a graduated cylinder. . dispersion forces are intermolecular bonds formed in non polar compounds. c. Cu2S The compound C6(CH3)6 is a hydrocarbon (hexamethylbenzene), which consists of isolated molecules that stack to form a molecular solid with no covalent bonds between them. a. Li c. LiS ionic. Ex. e. Al3+andS2-, a. Na2O Roman numerals follow the cation in the naming. How are the waveforms similar? CaO forms to give an overall balanced charge of 0. What are the main outcomes of US involvement in the Korean War? b. NiSO4 d. Na+, most prevalent positive ion in extracellular fluid, a. What is electronegativity with regards to compounds? How are valence electrons different form the rest of the electrons of an element? ex. Zn(C2H3O2)2, cold remedy Forms sulfur dioxide and phosphorus pentaoxide during combustion. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a sea of delocalized electrons. NaHCO3, corrects pH imbalance, a. zinc acetate ], Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet or contaminated Change: No recommendation, NIOSH REL : TWA 10 mg/m 3 OSHA PEL ? Exercise 2: Naming Chemical Compounds Data Table 2. NaCl. B2O3 Formula Tribromine octoxide Molecular Compound Br3O8 Lithium selenide Ionic Compound Li2Se Io View the full answer Transcribed image text: Data Table 6. d. Ga3+, O2-; Ga2O3, 6.16 Write the symbols for the ions, and the correct formula for the Other properties related to the strength of metallic bonds, such as enthalpies of fusion, boiling points, and hardness, have similar periodic trends. Among other applications, it is being studied for its use in adhesives and bicycle tires that will self-heal. d. Write the symbol, including its ionic charge, and name for each resulting ion. But the chances of getting it seem to go up with the number of sexual partners a woman has. The ionic compound breaks down into ions when dissolved in water. Related Question. d.K Based on their positions, predict whether each solid is ionic, molecular, covalent, or metallic. F-, flouride [20], Boron trioxide is produced by treating borax with sulfuric acid in a fusion furnace. b. impossible, both anions thus it will not be balanced polar covalent bond with separation of charges. The actual melting points are C60, about 300C; AgZn, about 700C; BaBr2, 856C; and GaAs, 1238C. (As a comparison, the molecular compound water melts at 0 C and boils at 100 C.) OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 15 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift. It would be written, Li3N. b. Forms LiCl; separately they are Li+ and Cl- In the late 1980's synthetic methods were developed for the synthesis of C60, and the ready availability of this form of carbon led to extensive research into its properties. Write the formula for the molecular compound diboron trioxide, Identify each of the following compounds as ionic or molecular and give its name: Rank the polarity of bonds from least to greatest attraction. Boric acid will initially decompose into steam, (H2O(g)) and metaboric acid (HBO2) at around 170C, and further heating above 300C will produce more steam and diboron trioxide. b. from Mg to Ba Write the formula for the molecular compound iodine pentafluoride. Hence, it is said to be acidic. In which type of molecules do dipoles occur? D. the total amount of energy released by an earthquake. Binary Molecular and lonic Compound Formulas Molecular or lonic Compound? The compound is neutral overall. c. lithium sulfide d. P-Br, a. ionic 4 B2O3 Boron (^+3) + Oxygen (^2-) = two non metals DiBoron trioxide P2O5 Phosphorus (5+) + Oxygen (2-) Diphosphorus Penta Oxide (O2) Compounds, Ionic or Covalent A compound is usually -Ionic if the first element in the formula or the name is metal or the polyatomic ion NH4 (+) K2O: K is a metal; the compounds is ionic: potassium oxide b. polar dipole-dipole Boric acid is its extracted, processed and refined form, found in a variety of chemical products. linear, they take on a linear shape as well. Compounds that are composed of only non-metals or semi-metals with non-metals will display covalent bonding and will be classified as molecular compounds. In the diamond structure, all bonds are single covalent bonds (\(\sigma\) bonds). 9 protons, 10 electrons Cu is a transitional variable charge element and so roman numeral indicating the charge of specific ion is included in the naming. There are two types of electronic signals: analog and digital. (-)<---(+). Boron oxide will also form when diborane (B2H6) reacts with oxygen in the air or trace amounts of moisture: Molten boron oxide attacks silicates. Structure of Sodium oxide-Na2O Molecules Sodium oxide molecules are made up of two sodium cations and one oxygen anion. b. P d. dipole dipole attraction, 6.83 Identify the strongest attractive forces between the particles of Boron oxide is one of the oxides of boron. e. copper(I) phosphide The boiling and melting point of ionic compounds is very high, i.e., above 300C. Instead, the valence electrons are delocalized throughout the crystal, providing a strong cohesive force that holds the metal atoms together. descriptions a to c: b. b. d. +1 charge, loses 1 electron As a result, they tend to be rather soft and have low melting points, which depend on their molecular structure. All exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. d. CuS c. aluminum and iodine Write the symbols for the ions, and the correct formula for the ionic compound formed when lithium and nitrogen react. Bent occurs when there are lone pair electrons still bound to the central atom. b. Calcium chloride the eletronegativity difference between two atoms. b. polar covalent Atoms are the smallest units of matter that still retain the fundamental chemical properties of an element. It is almost always found as the vitreous (amorphic) form; however, it can be crystallized after extensive annealing. by using the root of the atom name followed by the suffix -ide. a. O-K This model does not, however, explain many of the other properties of metals, such as their metallic luster and the observed trends in bond strength as reflected in melting points or enthalpies of fusion. Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, always opposite attractions between cation and anion. b. sodium and nitrogen 1 Do identical twins share the same amniotic sac and placenta? Formula Tribromine octoxide Lithium selenide lodine monochloride Nitrogen monoxide Iron(lI) sulfide Hydrogen chloride Diboron hexahydride Barium iodide. Formula Tribromine octoxide Lithium selenide lodine monochloride Nitrogen. e. iron(III) carbonate, a. Ba(OH)2 Boron Oxide may damage the liver and kidneys. The actual melting points are C6(CH3)6, 166C; Zn, 419C; RbI, 642C; and Ge, 938C. b. Rb+, Br-; RbBr The solid consists of discrete chemical species held together by intermolecular forces that are electrostatic or Coulombic in nature. e. Cs+ and I-, Write the symbols for the ions, and the correct formula for the ionic compound formed by each of the following: a. P-Cl Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. contraction, nerve impulses Ionic compounds have higher melting points. Be aware that in the "ball-and-stick" representation the size of the balls do not accurately represent the size of carbon atoms. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. most tend to be of non metals such as phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen covalently bonded to oxygen atoms. Dots are employed to indicate the presence of a hydrogen bond: XHY. d. Lead(IV) It has been reported to cause moderate irritation of skin and mucous membranes. What does the binary number 0111 represent? each of the following: The results of various earlier studies show that boric acid is not readily absorbed through the intact skin. Many are very hard and quite strong. (If teacher says its ionic then that's OK) B2O3 is more. Compound Name (See the IUPAC Provisional Recommendation on the definition of a hydrogen bond.) d. radium, a. Cl- Chloride a. potassium and sulfur Name is Copper(I) oxide. a. Al3+ and Cl- The structure of diamond is shown at the right in a "ball-and-stick" format. molecular. Metals are characterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility. N2O4. All compounds with the diamond and related structures are hard, high-melting-point solids that are not easily deformed. c. N-N Determine whether each of the following compounds is likely to exist as a molecule, or as an ionic compound. DIboron Trisulfide Ionic or Covalent: Ca3P2 Ionic Calcium Arsenide Ca3As2 Whats the difference between naming Ionic and covalent compounds? The amorphous form (g-B2O3) is by far the most common. d. zinc phosphate The formula of the carbonate ion is CO 32. These balls are sometimes fondly referred to as "Bucky balls". and four bonded atoms. 3 Colorless, semitransparent lumps or hard, white, odorless crystals. Dielectric properties (constant Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Molecular Compounds: Usually, molecular compounds are insoluble in water, but are soluble in organic solvents. c. AgI Binary Molecuar and lonic Compound Names Formula B20 N20 Molecular or lonic Compound? e. gold(III) nitride polar covalent, which scores greater than .4 but less than 1.8. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. b. Al3+. It is then decanted, cooled and obtained in 96-97% purity. Electrostatic attractions between two temporarily polarized molecules are called London Dispersion Forces. Classify C60, BaBr2, GaAs, and AgZn as ionic, covalent, molecular, or metallic solids and then arrange them in order of increasing melting points. which elements have higher electronegatives and why? 2: Writing Chemical Formulas We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. [21] Carefully controlled heating rate avoids gumming as water evolves. b. P2O5 This agrees with our prediction. The enthalpies of fusion also increase smoothly within the series: benzene (9.95 kJ/mol) < naphthalene (19.1 kJ/mol) < anthracene (28.8 kJ/mol). d. Mg3P2 Because of the higher charge on the ions in CaO, however, the lattice energy of CaO is almost four times greater than that of NaF (3401 kJ/mol versus 923 kJ/mol). The bonding between chemical subunits, however, is identical to that within the subunits, resulting in a continuous network of chemical bonds. The balls represent the carbon atoms and the sticks represent a covalent bond. d. P-Br intermolecular attractions occur between two molecules whereas intramolecular forces involve the direct bonding of atoms for form molecules such as in covalent or ionic bonds. Which statement best explains this? I.Vishnevetsky and M.Epstein (2015): "Solar carbothermic reduction of alumina, magnesia and boria under vacuum". boron oxide, diboron trioxide, boron sesquioxide, boric oxide, boria, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. c. phosphorus trichloride Page Exercise 2: Naming Chemical Compounds Data Table 2. e. Impossible, two cations cannot balance Based on the nature of the forces that hold the component atoms, molecules, or ions together, solids may be formally classified as ionic, molecular, covalent (network), or metallic. Binary Molecular and Ionic Compound Formulas Expert Answer 100% (4 ratings) Answer: View the full answer d. tin(II) nitrite, 6.41 Name each of the following ionic compounds: Most end in suffix -ate(nitrate), when a oxygen atom is missing it ends in -ite(nitrite). Nitrogen monoxide (NO) will be a covalently bound molecule (two non-metals), silicon dioxide (SiO2) will be a covalently bound molecule (a semi-metal and a non-metal) and MgCl2 will be ionic (a metal and a non-metal). Describe the wave's frequency and wavelength as well as what the wav d. Cesium fluoride d. CsF b. Si2Br6 c. a molecule with a central atom that has three electron groups d. Al+3 (aluminum ion), O2- (oxide ion). d. Hydroden flouride The metallic crystal essentially consists of a set of metal cations in a sea of electrons. Graphite may also be regarded as a network solid, even though there is no bonding in the z direction. In both cases, however, the values are large; that is, simple ionic compounds have high melting points and are relatively hard (and brittle) solids. d. 26 protons, 23 electrons, Li+ , lithium I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. C. P waves travel slowly, and S waves travel quickly. Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) Datasheet, SELENIUM HEXAFLUORIDE 7783-79-1 selenium(VI) fluoride UNII-H91D37I668 Selenium fluoride (SeF6), (OC-6-11)- More, Pay attention to vaginal hygiene. These include insects, spiders, mites, algae, molds, fungi, and weeds. The melting and boiling point of molecular . What are molecular compounds and what is the resulting bond called? they are significant in formation and structure of DNA and proteins. 6.69 Choose the shape 1 to 6 that matches each of the following The most stable form of carbon is graphite. Diamond are renowned for its hardness. It is one of the most difficult compounds known to crystallize. Magnitude measures the energy re b. NaHSO4 a. MgCl The attractive interaction in a hydrogen bond typically has a strong electrostatic contribution, but dispersion forces and weak covalent bonding are also present. Discharge from yeast infections doesnt usually have a strong smell but may look like cottage cheese. B only 6. (+)--->(-) c. Fe(NO2)2 Diamond, on the other hand, is colorless when pure because it has no delocalized electrons. For polar molecules such as \(CH_2Cl_2\), the positively charged region of one molecular is attracted to the negatively charged region of another molecule (dipole-dipole interactions). What characteristics of each wave can you identify from its waveform. if i have 17 apples and i eat 17 apples how many pears do i have? noble gases in group 8a, these are already stable with 8 valence electrons on outermost shell. An ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding. Compounds that are composed of only non-metals or semi-metals with non-metals will display covalent bonding and will be classified as molecular compounds. See Answer Data Table 1: Binary Molecular and Ionic Compound Names Data Table 3: Polyatomic Ion and Acid Names Data Table 4: Polyatomic Ion and Acid Formulas Expert Answer hydrogen bonds are the strongest type of dipole attraction, and also the strongest type of attractive force between polar covalent bonds. Consist of two or more nonmetals that share one or more valence electrons, resulting in a covalent bond. c. lead (IV) iodide Example 5.8. and three bonded atoms. a. K3P What is the structure of most polyatomic ions? e. carbon monoxide, 6.45 Name each of the following molecular compounds: Both of these compounds were found to be partly covalent and partly ionic, and bonding was described in terms of bonds in B 2 O 3, and and bonds in BN. . Its acidity slightly decreases as you get older, with its pH level rising closer to 5. Even in the absence of ions, however, electrostatic forces are operational. +2 charge, loses 2 electrons A waveform is a visual form of a signal. f. HgCl2, a. tin(II) chloride They treated them with a 600-mg boric acid vaginal suppository twice a day for 60 days, which cleared the infection. made up of metal + nonmetal. As a general rule of thumb, compounds that involve a metal binding with either a non-metal or a semi-metal will display ionic bonding. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. It is also very soft; the layers can easily slide past one another because of the weak interlayer interactions. Are the properties of ionic compounds the same as their original elements alone? When an electrical potential is applied, the electrons can migrate through the solid toward the positive electrode, thus producing high electrical conductivity. Mg2+, Magnesium Group 2A b. Na, Cl, P lone pair electrons, single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds. These groupings are not arbitrary, but are largely based on physical properties and on the tendency of the various elements to bond with other elements by forming either an ionic or a covalent bond. a. lithium and chlorine The "space-filling" format is an alternate representation that displays atoms as spheres with a radius equal to the van der Waals radius, thus providing a better sense of the size of the atoms. Here Are Some Places You Can Usually Find Borax. c. 53 protons, 54 electrons Boric oxide (B 2 O 3) forms hydrolytically unstable cements with polyacrylic and phosphonic acids, which are quick-setting [1-5 min with poly (vinylphosphonic acid)]. Where would such impurities be located and why would they make graphite a better lubricant? b. diphosphorous pentoxide The atoms of a polyatomic ion are tightly bonded together and so the entire ion behaves as a single unit. All of these substances are pure carbon. Is this conduction or sensorineural deafness? b. Li-F In other words, total amount of positive charge is equal to total amount of negative charge. a. CS2 You learned previously that an ionic solid consists of positively and negatively charged ions held together by electrostatic forces. Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\). There will never be an earthquake in the "lowest hazard" location in the future. The melting points of metals, however, are difficult to predict based on the models presented thus far. c. C-O , Will give 100 points! 6.11 Which of the following pairs of elements are likely to form an ionic compound? if molecule is not symmetrical. -2 charge, gains 2 electrons National Library of Medicine. Sulfur trioxide, 6.43 Name each of the following molecular compounds: a. PBr3 b. Cl2O c. CBr4 d. HF e. NF3, a. Phosphorous tribromide a. Na+ and O2- In addition, a single stick is drawn to represent a covalent bond irrespective of whether the bond is a single, double, or triple bond or requires resonance structures to represent. What is the electron group geometry of a central atom with two electron groups and what shape do molecules take? Boric oxide technical bulletins Boric oxide is a hygroscopic product. Molecular weight of B2O3 B2O3 molecular weight Molar mass of B2O3 = 69.6202 g/mol This compound is also known as Diboron Trioxide. All four categories involve packing discrete molecules or atoms into a lattice or repeating array, though network solids are a special case. One common examples of network solids are diamond (a form of pure carbon) Carbon exists as a pure element at room temperature in three different forms: graphite (the most stable form), diamond, and fullerene. As a general rule of thumb, compounds that involve a metal binding with either a non-metal or a semi-metal will display ionic bonding. intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces. f. Mercury (II) chloride, Write the symbol for the cation in each of the following ionic compounds: H2 has a nonpolar covalent bond, but HCl has a polar covalent bond. A perfect single crystal of a covalent solid is therefore a single giant molecule. For a nonpolar molecule such as \(CO_2\), which has no permanent dipole moment, the random motion of electrons gives rise to temporary polarity (a temporary dipole moment). We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. 6.32 Write the formula including the charge for each of the following polyatomic ions: A compound that consists of positive and negative ions, derived from one or more electrons from metals being transferred to non metals. Every lattice point in a pure metallic element is occupied by an atom of the same metal. c. Se, Ca, O, 6.65 Predict whether each of the following bonds is nonpolar cova- lent, polar covalent, or ionic: b. iron (III) oxide Write the symbols for the ions, and the correct formula for the ionic compound that would form when calcium and oxygen react. Names and formulas of ionic compounds. A. e. N-P, a. N-F b. potassium phosphide Boron trioxide or diboron trioxide is the oxide of boron with the formula .mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}B2O3. Consist of two or more nonmetals that share one or more valence electrons, resulting in a covalent bond covalent bond b. Br-Br a. Na2CO3 dispersion forces which occur in non polar covalent bonds, then dipole-dipole attractions, followed by hydrogen bonding. A boron oxide with formula B2O3. e. Fe2(CO3)3, 6.39 Write the formula for the polyatomic ion and name each of the following compounds: If dipole do not cancel each other out. e. CdBr2 Antifouling paint contains Cu2O, which prevents the growth of barnacles and algae on the bottoms of boats. In graphite, the two-dimensional planes of carbon atoms are stacked to form a three-dimensional solid; only London dispersion forces hold the layers together. Consequently, graphite is used as a lubricant and as the lead in pencils; the friction between graphite and a piece of paper is sufficient to leave a thin layer of carbon on the paper. Discharge: The hallmark sign of BV is discharge with a fishy smell. distance of these atoms between each others nucleus. In metallic solids and network solids, however, chemical bonds hold the individual chemical subunits together. c. State the number of electrons that must be lost or gained for each to achieve an octet. f. Impossible, two anions cannot balance, 6.13 Write the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between each of the following pairs of ions: Exposure to Boron Oxide can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Thus toluene (C6H5CH3) and m-xylene [m-C6H4(CH3)2] have melting points of 95C and 48C, respectively, which are significantly lower than the melting point of the lighter but more symmetrical analog, benzene. 1. none match, linear applies to two electron groups attached and no lone pair electrons. a. this is the ion sulfide, it has 16 protons and 18 electrons the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms, the greater the attraction, thus the stronger the bond. Ionic compounds and molecular compounds are the two bonds that make up compounds. d. Ca3N2 Boric acid will initially decompose into steam, (H2O( g )) and metaboric acid (HBO2) at around 170 C, and further heating above 300 C will produce more steam and diboron trioxide. b. FeO The reactions are: H3BO3 HBO2 + H2O. Valence electrons in a metallic solid are delocalized, providing a strong cohesive force that holds the atoms together. Molecular compound which is the only positive polyatomic ion? What determines the attrac- tion between two H atoms? mono-1, di-2, tri-3, tetra-4, Write the name for each of the following molecular compounds: Zn is a d-block element, so it is a metallic solid. What types of bonds make up compounds and which is the most prevalent?
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