The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) emphasized the development of a sustainable ANC service delivery model according to the context of different countries, which defines how services will be organized to deliver a core ANC package. 2020;136:3741. Meeker M. Internet Trends 2019. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Methods 2020;26(9):994-998. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.097, Copyright World Health Organization (WHO) 2020. Many families lost employment and suffered a heavy economic burden. ). Physicians rapidly become involved into acute or intensive care medicine and their availability will be increasingly limited (8). The .gov means its official. Research on refugee women access to and utilisation of antenatal care (ANC), delivery and post-natal care (PNC) are generally underrepresented in the global This would allow monitoring for serious pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060185. , Basu Careers. Support models of care that provide maximum level of continuity of care are midwifery continuity of care, case management, as well as models of cares provided by midwife navigator, general practitioner (GP), private practice midwives, also cultural support models of care such as supports by healthcare workers or a community organization (7,8). Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2021;326(17):1745-1747. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16328. 2020. Online antenatal care programs can take various forms: online courses to deliver pregnancy-related information, mobile phone apps to motivate healthy behaviors during pregnancy, and mobile health (mHealth) apps to provide mental consultations [8,9]. In March 2020, the World Health Organisation named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2), which causes corona virus disease Adelekan B, Goldson E, Abubakar Z, Mueller U, Alayande A, Ojogun T, Ntoimo L, Williams B, Muhammed I, Okonofua F. Reprod Health. Persons Women reported low levels of social support which was predicted by women's mental health and demographic factors and was related to public health and maternity service restrictions. , Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States. URL: Online Antenatal Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities and Challenges, JMIR Theme Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue (2062), Outbreak and Pandemic Preparedness and Management (1429), Theme Issue: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Rapid Reports (1316), Midwifery, Nurse-midwifery and Care for Pregnant or New Mothers (48), https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/19916, Huailiang Current WHO guidance advises at least of eight antenatal care for low risk pregnant women. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help WebCannabis use among pregnant women is common and has increased in recent years in the US, from an estimated 3.4% in 2002 to 7.0% in 2017. Recently, we performed a web-based survey among Chinese pregnant women via a national online platform (Banmi National Online Maternity School) to investigate their self-protection behaviors and attitudes toward antenatal care during the pandemic. COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 (1). https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.18.017. 4261 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4DFB7BE8261C2A47A55D4A6327DBD5B6>]/Index[4240 35]/Info 4239 0 R/Length 107/Prev 762001/Root 4241 0 R/Size 4275/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Gynecol. It is recommended that face to face visits be limited to less than 15 minutes and conducted with attendance of minimum number of people (preferably woman only), which could lead to minimizing time in appointment waiting areas (8). Conclusion: A, Kim 2020;12:11818. The prepandemic period was defined as urine toxicology tests conducted from January 2019 to March 2020 and the pandemic period from April through December 2020 (see Laboratory Methods in the Supplement). The evidence indicates that if women do not attend antenatal services then they are at risk of maternal death, stillbirth and other adverse perinatal outcomes (3,4). 2020;(January). hand hygiene, disposal of consumables, equipment cleaning, social distancing) (5). An official website of the United States government. Would you like email updates of new search results? Am J Obstet Gynecol. Obstetric guidelines have rapidly evolved to incorporate new data and research on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with data on perinatal mental health building over the last year. Of 100005 pregnancies (95412 women), 26% were Asian or Pacific Islander; 7%, Black; 28%, Hispanic; 34%, non-Hispanic White; and 5%, other, unknown, or multiracial. Pregnant women, aged over 18 years were recruited. In such cases, further obstetric examinations and consultations in a hospital are essential. WebAntenatal Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic Source: CDC, WHO, FOGSI Do not skip your antenatal care appointments. We computed monthly rates of prenatal cannabis use standardized to the year 2020 age and race and ethnicity distribution. (https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/-/media/Files/Corporate/general-documents/Infectious-diseases/PDF/Coronavirus/Management-of-COVID-19-Infection-in-Pregnant-Women.ashx). This would be helpful in decreasing the incidence and negative impact of GDM. PMID: -, Tadesse E. Antenatal Care Service utilization of pregnant women attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic period. 2020;(January). Copyright 2021 The Author(s). /6 [-32768 8 3 -562.5 -333.638 -49.5 338.666 1 0 0 1 -382.943 -64.1378] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1School of Nursing and Midwifery; 2Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. Notice on strengthening maternal disease treatment and safe midwifery during the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia (in Chinese). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal care utilisation in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. endobj , No 7 BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016 Mar 28;16:65 [. Healthcare systems of Africa have been known to suffer various challenges which threaten the quality of health services that are offered to the population [ 2 ]. Epub 2020 Oct 23. It is best utilized for occasions when the person does not require physical clinical assessments and/or tests/investigations (3). Statistical analysis: Ray, Alexeeff, Avalos. Dowswell T, Carroli G, Duley L, Gates S, Glmezoglu AM, KhanNeelofur D, et al. Antenatal Care Service Utilization of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. URL: Ahmed F, Ahmed N, Pissarides C, Stiglitz J. Methods: An online survey was conducted Self-isolation is defined as strictly avoiding contact, or residing only with other positive cases. In community clinics appointment scheduling, avoidance of patients awaiting and also ensuring of maintaining social distance (1.5-metre distance from others) should be considered. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including interruption of antenatal care services. 2023 The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 4240 0 obj <> endobj Alternative versus standard packages of antenatal care for lowrisk pregnancy. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279990. Overview . The study aimed to determine the utilization of antenatal care services of Filipino women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antenatal care (ANC) is the most cost-effective approach for the prevention of neonatal deaths; if 90% of women receive ANC, 14% of neonatal deaths could be avoided (6). Certain restrictions were placed upon birth partners This site needs JavaScript to work properly. URL: Duranku F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study. Proportion of alcohol use among pregnant women who attend antenatal care clinic during the mid-pandemic of COVID-19 in Debre Tabor Compressive Specialized Hospital (n = 612), 2021. These behaviors and attitudes indicate that pregnant women were anxious and worried about potential infection in the hospital environment. Key principles for the provision of antenatal care through the evolving coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic 3.1 Maintaining essential monitoring Many elements of antenatal care may require in-person assessment, in particular blood pressure and urine checks, measurement of fetal growth, and blood tests. ,b"yH`J! 8600 Rockville Pike WebThis document provide guidance to maintain antenatal and postnatal care for all women during COVID-19. B, Compton <> Hospitalization data were available for 160,857 cases. Web Resume usual antenatal care after release from self-quarantine or self-isolation Advise to telephone maternity service if concerned. Wu H, var prefix = 'mailto:'; 2019 Jun 12;6(6):CD012392. %PDF-1.5 % Drafting of the manuscript: Young-Wolff, Ray. During the pandemic, daily necessities were scarce and the cost of medical appointments was substantially higher than usual. hbbd```b``kDeAoH))H2*Hh 2022 Apr 12;22(1):313. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04602-5. /4 [318 10 3 -390.96 357.146 -56.64 366.878 1 0 0 1 -268.848 371.434] COVID-19 and pregnancy in resource-limited environments. Subject to determining the most appropriate models for providing medical services, health care providers should use clinical judgment and consider the individual circumstances of pregnant women (3,7,9). doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S287534. /2 [272 12 3 542.76 356.485 561.955 367.511 1 0 0 1 -46.0948 765.911] WebThe COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company s public news and information . (https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-05-13-guidance-for-maternal-medicine-services-in-the-evolving-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.pdf). The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women who require professional The COVID-19 pandemic has been a stressful and uncertain time for everyone, and especially for those about to give birth. Much evidence on maternal care is available, however, little is known about their potential adoption for improving maternal health services in Indonesian primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Change in Percentage of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy After the Start of the Pandemic, Volkow The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Utilization of antenatal care was evaluated using standard measures, including the timing of initiation of antenatal care, number of subsequent visits, and place of consults. The public health response should strengthen collaborative efforts with primary-level healthcare to increase service provision, especially to more vulnerable populations. In cases of self The participants answered a structured questionnaire to assess their access, perceptions, and utilization of antenatal care. /TrimBox [0 0 612 792] Additionally, women with some chronic diseases such as diabetes and deep vein thrombosis should be identified as extremely vulnerable to the severe effects of COVID-19 and be shielded. A cross-sectional study was conducted among postpartum women using an online self-administered survey in the Philippines from January 1 to March 31, 2022. The institutional review board of KPNC approved this study and waived the need for informed consent. Results: The aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's satisfaction with antenatal care and social support and to examine stress-reduction strategies women used during the pandemic. The model expressed by WHO is also a hybrid model, because methods of care delivery are combined. Records should be made electronically, making them accessible for future care (10). Diabetes Technol Ther 2020 Jun 01;22(6):454-461. This guidance does not support disruption or reduction of care but different ways should be considered for women to have access to evidence-based prenatal care during the current COVID-19 pandemic (3). 2020;22 However, with limited understanding of the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy, clinicians and patients are forced to make uninformed decisions. For pregnant women who are self-quarantine at home, it should be guarantee that they remain well hydrated and are mobile during this period. Int J Womens Health. 2023 Jan 21;23(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05383-1. Despite an overall positive perception of the necessity of antenatal care, utilization has been inadequate in more than half of the respondents. Davis D, Sheehy A, Nightingale H, de Vitry-Smith S, Taylor J, Cummins A. Midwifery. Akinwunmi, Casper J P 2023 American Medical Association. Read up on the COVID-19 vaccine frequently asked questions. Generally, it seems that the hybrid model can be an efficient and preferred model to manage prenatal care in pregnant women. Background: Covid-19 is a rapidly evolving pandemic, affecting both developed and developing countries. Currently, concentrating on COVID-19 would possibly distract pregnant women from routine antenatal care. -, Wilson A.N., Ravaldi C., Scoullar M.J.L., et al. Internet Res. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted essential services, which could lead to an increase in maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. /Resources <> hbbd```b``3@$Sd]fq`D2jK`2, fI0&f1$K~ R*X])Y 2022 May 18. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059701. The following information is from that data: 6 31,959 pregnant people were hospitalized. Nora D.Volkow,MD; BethHan,MD, PhD, MPH; Wilson M.Compton,MD, MPE; Elinore F.McCance-Katz,MD, PhD, Self-reported Cannabis Use Among Women Before and During Pregnancy. document.write( 'span>' ); Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report - 160. Know the facts. COVID-19 threatens the progress of humanised childbirth: a qualitative study of giving birth during the pandemic in Brazil. All pregnant women and their newborns, including those with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infections, have the right to high quality care before, during and %%EOF It focuses, specifically, on which set of interventions by whom (cadre), where (system level), and how (platform) should be provided at each ANC contact (2). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! var attribs = ''; Cannabis tax revenues. PMC /ExtGState <> Background: Covid-19 is a rapidly evolving pandemic, affecting both developed and developing countries. All of these approaches would likely contribute to better labor preparedness, maternal experience, postpartum adjustment and outcomes, fewer infection risks, and more economic benefits to the health system and the women themselves. HW, WS, and XH contributed to the conception and design of this viewpoint, drafted the primary version of manuscript, edited the manuscript, and reviewed the final version. Rates of biochemically verified prenatal cannabis use increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Northern California. The ITS analysis confirmed that these rates before and during the pandemic were stable, with no statistically significant month-to-month trends (Table). However, the popularity of online antenatal care programs remains low. 2020 Dec 8;12:1181-1188. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S287534. Author Contributions: Dr Young-Wolff had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Melbourne: RANZCOG; 2020 (https://ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Womens%20Health/Global%20Health/RANZCOG-COVID-19-Guide-for-Resource-limited-Environments.pdf. All the respondents agreed on the necessity of antenatal care. Corresponding Author: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, PhD, MPH, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 (kelly.c.young-wolff@kp.org). Accessibility Ashokka B, Loh M-H, Tan CH, SU LL, Young BE, Lye DC, et al. eCollection 2023. Zaigham MAO. Geneva: WHO/UNFPA; 2020 (https://www.unfpa.org/resources/covid-19-technical-brief-maternity-services). Results are consistent with the rise in cannabis sales seen in California during the same period.5 When the toll of the COVID-19 pandemic begins to fade and restrictions are lifted, it is unknown whether pandemic-related increases in rates of cannabis use during pregnancy will reverse or remain elevated. However, only 46.37% had six or more in-person antenatal visits, with the majority attended to by midwives at community health centers. Guidance for maternal medicine services in the evolving coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic Information for healthcare professionals. Positive predictors of adequate antenatal care were prior pregnancies (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11-9.20 for 2-3 prior pregnancies; OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.45-6.29 for 4 or more prior pregnancies), live births (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04-2.69 for 2-3 prior live births; OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16 for 4 or more prior live births), having living children (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.09-2.79), spousal support (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.01-3.03 for married women; OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.09-3.28 for women with common-law partners), history of obstetric complications (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.33-5.97), and use of private vehicles (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.05-6.68). Ross T, de Maria de Albuquerque C, Chaves J, Carneiro Rolim KM, Albuquerque Frota M, Surkan PJ. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Careers. WebLittle is known yet about the risk of newborns contracting COVID-19 from mothers who test positive for the virus. document.write( '' ); Fryer K, Delgado A, Foti T, Reid CN, Marshall J. Not everybody is at risk of severe disease. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Current research shows that news stories on COVID-19 influence Americans opinions on most aspects of the pandemic. Online antenatal care would be a preferable alternative for these women since it can provide pregnancy-related information and remote clinic consultations. Chen S, document.write( addy50899 ); WebCannabis use among pregnant women is common and has increased in recent years in the US, from an estimated 3.4% in 2002 to 7.0% in 2017. National Library of Medicine document.write( '<\/a>' ); Aim: Bookshelf Does antenatal education affect labour and birth? official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Queensland Health. They are susceptible to respiratory infections due to reduced lung function, increased oxygen consumption, and alteration in immunological function due to pregnancy. /LastModified (4 There are some challenges and areas for improvement associated with online antenatal care. MeSH However, some pregnant women will doubt the reliability of such online information. During the Covid-19 pandemic, most pregnant women did not get addy50899 = addy50899 + 'mums' + '.' + 'ac' + '.' + 'ir'; MH, Meyer Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.03.011. JAMA. The aim of the project is to understand how a health system shock such as the Covid-19 pandemic impacts women seeking care, demonstrated by pregnant women from underserved groups in a diverse, inner-city population of south London. It is important for mothers to be informed enough about the warning signs to go to the relevant centers when they feel threatened. Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, Inc. and Philippine Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Inc. COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A Guide to MFM specialists and General Obstetric Practitioners. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;00:17 2020. In: StatPearls [Internet]. How will the COVID-19 pandemic impact my prenatal care? This topic will provide an overview of these issues, provide links to UpToDate content that is relevant to both pregnant and nonpregnant people, and discuss aspects of In some cases, positive toxicology test results may detect prenatal cannabis use that occurred prior to pregnancy recognition. /1 [243 13 3 49.5 -354.898 562.5 -338.953 1 0 0 1 124.5 -279.898] Bi X, -. The fear of the Covid-19 pandemic had a cross-cutting effect on utilisation of maternity services in selected levels III and IV public health facilities within five MNCH 7407486, Copyright A key fact about Trust the science. 2021;326(17):17451747. Community-based health care, including outreach and campaigns, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic Produced by: WHO, UNICEF, IFRC This guidance document addresses the role of community-based health care in the context of COVID Midwifery 2013 Jul;29(7):730-735. -. Moreover, women can upload their daily blood pressure and simple home urine dipsticks results to an online system. In the context of the pandemic, pregnant women face an additional dilemmathey need professional antenatal care, there is a potential risk for cross-infection if they choose to visit a hospital to receive this service [6]. >> WebThe NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panels Statement on Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Between Ritonavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) and Concomitant Medications states that any drug interactions between ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) and hormonal contraception are not expected to be clinically significant during Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959), https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/dataportal/dataset.htm?url=CannabisTaxRevenues, JAMAevidence: The Rational Clinical Examination, JAMAevidence: Users' Guides to the Medical Literature, JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods, Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Treatment and Prevention in Adults - 2022 IAS-USA Recommendations, CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic, Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017, Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension, Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning, Organization and Performance of US Health Systems, Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health, The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity, Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer, Statement on Potentially Offensive Content, Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles. BMC Health Serv Res 2017 Nov 07;17(1):704 [, Gao L, Larsson M, Luo S. Internet use by Chinese women seeking pregnancy-related information. East Mediterr Health J. obesity, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia) have a condition or complication that may increase their risk for severe COVID-19 disease. Background: Online ahead of print. Self-quarantine means that pregnant women must be isolated as much as possible and not go out, except for seeking medical care. It can reduce unnecessary hospital visits and limit potential risks of infection among this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample comprised all KPNC pregnant women screened for prenatal cannabis use via a universal urine toxicology test from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2020, during standard prenatal care (at 8 weeks gestation). var suffix = ''; JY, Coy 2020;24(9):110410. Therefore, it is important to ensure the quality and safety of online services and establish a stable, mutual trust between the pregnant women, the obstetric care providers and the technology vis-a-vis the online programs. Follow Methodist on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for the latest COVID-19 updates. 2021 Sep;34(5):447-454. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.10.010. Provision and uptake of routine antenatal services: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Also, during the current COVID-19 pandemic, care planning needs to take into consideration the risk factors identified, the context and the womans preferences (7). All Rights Reserved. WebCOVID-19 infections, have the right to high-quality care before, during and after childbirth (3). Current research shows that news stories on COVID-19 influence Americans opinions on most aspects of the pandemic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including interruption of antenatal care services. WebKorukcu, O., Ozkaya, M., Boran, O.F. An umbrella review to explore the barriers and facilitators to Influenza, Pertussis and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and within 2 years after childbirth, and to inform interventions to encourage uptake (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022327624). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The Covid-19 pandemic impacts reproductive and perinatal health both directly through infection itself but also indirectly as a consequence of changes in health care, social policy, or social and economic circumstances. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. HW, WS, and XH contributed equally to this work. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is advisable that pregnant women should stay at home and receive necessary antenatal care via online antenatal care programs. Keywords: S, Meah >> PLoS One. Its also possible that your infant may get COVID-19 after being born. >> Sun W, >> By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our, Figure. Downe S, Finlayson K, Tunalp , Glmezoglu AM. Most respondents (71.38%) initiated antenatal care during the first trimester. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD000934. $e`bd`|v!# )p Hybrid models of care delivery refers to a combination of elements of community health services building, phone or Video Call (VC) and home visit. 2020;5:e47583. Vol 22 Committee on Obstetric Practice. The Lancet Public Health 2020 May;5(5):e240 [, Wang N, Deng Z, Wen LM, Ding Y, He G. Understanding the Use of Smartphone Apps for Health Information Among Pregnant Chinese Women: Mixed Methods Study. Citation: Larki M; Sharifi F; Roudsari RL. The study aimed to determine the utilization of antenatal care services of Filipino women during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022 May;35(3):298-306. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.04.012. It is anticipated that that COVID-19 (the disease caused by the novel coronavirus named SAR-CoV-2) will occur in most, if not all countries. In cases of self-quarantine and self-isolation, routine antenatal care should be postponed fortwo weeks if it is safe to do so (7,9,10). Monthly Trends in Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic (N=100005), Table. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Background Vaccination during pregnancy has been repeatedly demonstrated to be safe and effective in protecting against infection and associated harms for the mother, developing baby, and subsequent infant. A structured review of the literature. The questionnaire used to assess health-seeking behavior was validated before the survey proper. Women Birth. In cases that ANC is not provided in pregnant women at the clinic, it can be undertaken on the phone, via whats app, skype, facetime (where available). WebKorukcu, O., Ozkaya, M., Boran, O.F. This study uses National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to examine prevalence and frequency of medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant and nonpregnant women between 2013 and 2017. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The site is secure. Yu, Hao Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. (2020) Health care experts attending homes should be mindful of exposure to COVID-19 in a home visit and should adhere to strict infection control procedures when entering and leaving homes. This e-mail address is being protected from spambots.